In reality, consolidating bills isn’t always easy. If you have a lot of debt, it can be hard to find a consolidation loan at a lower interest rate. And if you’re not careful, you can end up deeper in debt than when you started.

Your goal in consolidating your debt should be to lower your overall costs. To accomplish this there are two things to keep in mind:

1. Get the lowest interest rate possible
2. Have a plan to pay off your debts in 3 – 5 years.

Here are some of the best ways to approach debt consolidation:

Using Credit Cards

The good news about this method is that with a good credit rating, you may get a much lower rate than other forms of consolidation loans. And since credit card issuers don’t require collateral, you aren’t “risking the farm.”

Call your current issuer to ask what interest rates they will offer you if you transfer balances from other cards over to theirs. Go for a fixed rate if you can get it, and ask them to waive any transfer fees. If you can’t negotiate a low rate with your current issuer, try shopping for a new card at a site such as CardRatings.com. But be careful! Too many applications for credit in a short period of time can hurt your credit rating.

Once you do consolidate this way, be sure to set up an optimal payment plan so you can be debt-free in 3 – 5 years.

Home Equity Loans

With a home equity loan, you borrow against the value of you home, minus any other mortgages.

The two major kinds are:

* A Home Equity Loan – a fixed amount of money for a fixed period of time (sometimes at a fixed rate)
* A “Home Equity Line of Credit” where you borrow up to a pre-approved credit limit (interest rates usually variable) and can borrow again if you still have money available.

These loans can offer attractive rates, low payments, and the interest is usually tax-deductible if you itemize. Many issuers offer no or low closing costs for these loans. Interest rates are often variable, however, and there’s always the risk that you can lose your home if you can’t pay.

Cash Out Refinance

Refinancing your home and taking out money to pay off bills (called “cash-out refinance”) is yet another way to tap the equity in your home. If you can refinance at a substantially lower interest rate, you’ll eliminate the high interest costs of the debts you pay off, and you could even come out with a lower payment than you have right now since rates are so low.

One option to consider: an interest-only loan. By lowering your monthly payment, you can free up money to use toward paying down other high-rate debt or building a retirement fund.

Make sure you understand the total cost of refinancing. Take any money you’ve freed up by paying off other bills and use that to create an emergency savings fund.

Traditional Debt Consolidation Loans

A debt consolidation loan is an unsecured personal loan, and the only collateral you are offering for the lender’s security is you. Because lenders consider them risky loans, they’re usually more expensive and not always easy to get if you have a lot of debt.

If the interest rate is too high to make it worth it and the repayment term is ten or fifteen years, you should probably consider another method of consolidation. However, if the term and interest rate are right, this can be a great way to actually save money in the end. (Check Bankrate.com for current averages). Remember, to calculate the total cost of the loan from start to pay-off.

Credit Counseling

Credit counseling agencies may help you get out of debt, though they don’t actually consolidate your debt. Instead, payment plans (usually with lower interest and fees) will be worked out for all of your eligible debts. You’ll make one monthly payment to the counseling agency, which will pay all your creditors.

Participating in a credit counseling program generally won’t hurt your credit rating, and if you stick to the plan you can be out of debt in three to six years. But be careful which agency you work with. If the counseling agency pays your bills late, you’ll pay the price since you’re still responsible to the lender. It happens.

Debt Settlement

Debt settlement is another option that’s become increasingly popular with consumers who have a lot of debt and can’t, or won’t, file bankruptcy. You stop paying your bills and instead make a regular monthly payment to the settlement company. Your creditors contact them, and not you, about your overdue bills. As your accounts fall further behind, the negotiation company will settle your balances – usually for 50% of the balance or less (including fees) depending on the debt. Most people can be out of debt in less than two years or less using these programs.

It’s not perfect. Your credit rating will be hurt in the short run and you must be certain you’re dealing with a reputable company or the money you pay each month could disappear. Still, for consumers who can’t shoulder the burden of debt they have now, it can be a very good option.

Retirement Loans

If you have a 401(k), 403(b) plan or certain types of pension plans, you can borrow against your nest egg. (You can’t borrow against your IRA.) It’s easy, with no income qualifications or credit check.

The key here is to borrow against your retirement account, rather than withdraw from it early so that you don’t end up paying taxes and a 10% penalty. Also, if you leave or lose your job, you may have to pay your loan back immediately or pay taxes and penalties for an early withdrawal.

These loans typically offer low interest rates, and interest is paid to you, since you are the lender. While tapping your nest egg like this can short-change your retirement, so can costly debt payments.

If you are in your 20’s and 30’s, you obviously have more time to rebuild a retirement nest egg, but even if you’re in your 40’s or 50’s, you will want to weigh the cost of paying the high interest of the debts over time, versus borrowing from your retirement account. The return you get from paying off high-rate debts is guaranteed – while the stock market isn’t.

Rapid Repayment

There is a mathematically optimal way to pay your debts. Choose a fixed level monthly payment, and commit to it each month. Pay as much as you can on the highest rate debt first, while payment the minimums on the rest.

It is almost always suggested that consumers with debt start by creating one of these plans. Many people who do so find they don’t even need to consolidate to get out of debt in the next few years. They just need a plan and they can do it on their own.

There are thousands of sites on the internet offering help and advice, sometimes as a free service, but often as a commercial venture which you’ll have to pay for in one way or another. With all this information overload, how can you even get started on deciding how to handle your debts? Read on to learn the basics of some of the most popular debt strategies, which will help you decide which strategy is right for you and is worth researching further.

Budgeting

This is the most basic way of getting your finances back in shape. By sitting down and working out all your income and expenses, you can clearly see the parts of your money management that need more attention. Often, this basic step will show up easy ways to economize, giving you a little more breathing space every month, and making it easier to pay those bills.

Debt Consolidation

If, after examining your budget, you find that you really can’t make ends meet, then it’s worth considering taking out a consolidation loan. The basic idea behind consolidation is to take out one big loan which you use to clear all your other debts, meaning you only have one repayment to make every month. Ideally, your new loan will be at a lower interest rate than your current debts, so your monthly repayment will be lower. You can also spread the repayments over a longer period, taking some of the financial pressure off, but this will mean you’re paying more in interest in the long run.

Debt Management

Some people who have serious debt problems might not be able to arrange a consolidation loan. This might be because they’ve already borrowed to the hilt and no lender is willing to advance any more credit, or it may be that in the course of their debt problems their credit rating has been badly damaged. At this point, debt management is a good option. It works by handing over the management of your debts to a specialist company or agent, who will contact your creditors on your behalf and negotiate a way forward, such as lowering interest rates, extending the repayment term, or cancelling previous fees and charges.

Entering into debt management has the great advantage of relieving the immediate stress and worry of dealing with your debts, but the disadvantage is that in most cases the management company will charge a fee, and the damage to your credit rating will be considerable.

Individual Voluntary Arrangements

This is a step further than debt management, in that the agreements you make with your creditors are legally binding. You will also have any remaining debts cleared after keeping to the arrangment over a period of five years. Should you fail to keep to the arrangement, then bankruptcy is the only remaining option.

Bankruptcy

This is the final step to take when all other attempts to handling your debts have failed. All your assets will be frozen and used to pay off your debt, and most of any income you receive during your bankruptcy period will also be taken from you. The damage to your credit rating will be almost irreperable, and even though many people have started to see bankruptcy as an easy way out of debt, the long term consequences are grave, and it should only be considered as an absolute last resort.

Debt counseling is a proposal offered to debtors to manage their income and expenditure in an effective manner. Debt counseling accentuates effective money management. It helps debtors who dream of a debt free life realize their dreams in the shortest possible time. Debt counseling enables a debtor manage his/her current debts and also prevent debts in the future. Debt counselors present an impartial view of your various options. They will help you weigh the pros and cons of every debt solution.

Debt counseling service is provided by various financial experts and debt counselors who are well versed in matters related to debt. But the debtor needs to research and avail services of a reputable debt counseling service. You must ensure that the debt counseling service helps:

• Educate and enlighten you on your personal finances and help you learn money management techniques
• Negotiate lower interest rates and ensure that you are rid of creditor harassment
• Fix your credit report
• Deal with your debts soon

When you approach a debt counselor you will receive tips/pointers which help you with a plan to permanently get out of debt. Some of the principal debt counseling tips include:

• Prioritize your debts into priority and non-priority debts
• Do not spend more than what you earn
• Try and increase your income sources
• Any debt incurred should be repaid with priority

It has been rightly said that a well planned effort towards the right direction always generates a positive result, just as is the case with debt counseling services. Debt counseling will guide you by offering you sound advice on your various options. Professional advice makes the herculean task of handling debt easy and convenient for the debtor.